{"id":12527,"date":"2021-09-10T15:28:05","date_gmt":"2021-09-10T12:28:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/?p=12527"},"modified":"2021-09-10T15:28:05","modified_gmt":"2021-09-10T12:28:05","slug":"%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b7%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%a8-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b0%d9%8a%d9%86-%d9%8a%d8%ae%d9%88%d8%b6%d9%88%d9%86-%d8%aa%d8%ac%d8%b1%d8%a8%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%81%d8%b4%d9%84-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%ab%d9%85","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/?p=12527","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062e\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0645\u0631 \u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 &#8211; \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u064a"},"content":{"rendered":"<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\">Those who fail productively are all the wiser<br \/>\n(\u0628\u0642\u0644\u0645: \u0643\u0631\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0631\u062a &#8211; Christoph Elhardt)<\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #800000;\"><em>\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0641\u0633\u0648\u0631 \u0631\u0636\u064a \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0642\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0633\u0642 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0646\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u064a\u0648\u0627.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0641\u0633\u0648\u0631 \u0631\u0636\u064a 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\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>( \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 )<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0623\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0633\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0632\u064a\u0648\u0631\u062e (ETH Zurich) \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0645\u0631\u00bb (productive failure) (\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 1\u060c 2) \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 (3). \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a (ETH) \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u062a \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 20 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0629.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_12528\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-12528\" style=\"width: 547px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-12528\" src=\"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/image.imageformat.fullwidth.944946449.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"547\" height=\"274\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/image.imageformat.fullwidth.944946449.jpg 931w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/image.imageformat.fullwidth.944946449-300x150.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/image.imageformat.fullwidth.944946449-150x75.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/image.imageformat.fullwidth.944946449-768x384.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/image.imageformat.fullwidth.944946449-110x55.jpg 110w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/image.imageformat.fullwidth.944946449-310x155.jpg 310w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/image.imageformat.fullwidth.944946449-660x330.jpg 660w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 547px) 100vw, 547px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-12528\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">\u0644\u0648 \u0643\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0631\u063a\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0625\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0624\u062a\u064a \u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627. <span style=\"font-size: 8pt;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: \u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f ETH \u0641\u064a \u0632\u064a\u0648\u0631\u062e.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645 (\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c) \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0623\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u0631\u062d\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635. \u0634\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u064b\u0627\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647: \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0635\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645.<\/p>\n<p>\u0623\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0633\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0632\u064a\u0648\u0631\u062e \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633. \u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0648 \u0643\u0627\u0628\u0648\u0631 (Manu Kapur) \u060c \u0628\u0631\u0641\u0633\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0633\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0632\u064a\u0648\u0631\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0629 \u062a\u0627\u0646\u0645\u0627\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 (Tan\u00admay Sinha):\u00a0 &#8220;\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0631\u063a\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 (3) \u060c \u0641\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639&#8221;. \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0645\u0631\u00bb &#8211; \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u0627\u063a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0641\u0633\u0648\u0631 \u0643\u0627\u0628\u0648\u0631.<\/p>\n<p><strong>15 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 (Sinha) \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0628\u0648\u0631 (Kapur) \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0644\u0648\u064a meta-analysis) (4)) \u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0634\u0631\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629. \u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0646 53 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0639 166 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u064b\u0627\u060c \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629: \u0634\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0642\u0628\u0644 [\u062d\u0644] \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633. \u0643\u0627\u0646 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\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0633\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0632\u064a\u0648\u0631\u062e (ETH) \u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 650 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a. \u00a0\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u064a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a: \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u064f\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u0627\u062a \/ \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u062b\u0645 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_12529\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-12529\" style=\"width: 576px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-12529\" src=\"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/\u0634\u063318.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"576\" height=\"324\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/\u0634\u063318.jpg 399w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/\u0634\u063318-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/\u0634\u063318-150x85.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/\u0634\u063318-110x62.jpg 110w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/\u0634\u063318-293x165.jpg 293w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/\u0634\u063318-310x175.jpg 310w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 576px) 100vw, 576px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-12529\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u06a4\u064a\u0646 (Venn) \u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0631\u0645\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0645\u0631 (PF) \u0648 \u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0628\u0648\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u062d (PS-I) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0636\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 (PFL). \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u060c \u0646\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0636\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 (PFL) \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0642\u0644 (\u0627\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 &#8220;sensmaking&#8221;\u060c \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u00a05) \u062a\u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u062d. \u00a0\u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631 (PFL) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0623\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 &#8211; \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u064a\u062d (explicit) \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643. (PF = \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0645\u0631) \u061b (PS-I = \u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0628\u0648\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u062d). \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: DOI: 10.3102\/00346543211019105<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u0628\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u06a4\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0648\u0645\u063a\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0646\u0631 (Vera Baumgart\u00adner) \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0631\u0641\u0633\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0633\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0632\u064a\u0648\u0631\u062e (ETH)\u00a0 \u0646\u0648\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062a \u0647\u0648\u0646\u062c\u064a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0631 (Norbert Hun\u00adgerb\u00fchler)\u060c \u0623\u0633\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0643\u0627\u0628\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u062d\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0637\u0648\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u062e\u0645\u0633 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0641\u0635\u0644 (\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0631) \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a. \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0648 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0645\u0631\u00bb. \u00a0\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644 \u0633\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0643\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a. \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0639\u062c\u0627\u0628: \u00a0\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0627\u064b \u060c \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 (55 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0629) \u064a\u0646\u062c\u062d\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629. \u00a0\u0648\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0624\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u062e\u0627\u0636\u0648\u0627 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0645\u0631\u00bb \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 20 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631. \u00a0\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u060c \u064a\u064f\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0628\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u062e\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0645\u0631\u00bb \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646.<\/p>\n<p><em>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0646\u0634\u0631\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 (Review of Edu\u00adca\u00adtional Re\u00adsearch) (\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 6).<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>1- \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0640\u0644\u0651\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u062b\u0628\u062a\u062a \u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0640 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0645\u0631\u00bb (Productive Failure) \u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0633\u0648\u0631 (Manu Kapur) \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u063a\u0627\u0641\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a:\u00a0 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062d\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0628\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0634\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u062b\u0645 \u064a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0625\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 (\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0649 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a) \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0635\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0631\u062d \u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0634\u0631\u062d \u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0623\u0648 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0641\u0634\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062c\u062d \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644. \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0628\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0635 \u0648\u0631\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/100mounir.blogspot.com\/2017\/04\/productive-failure.html\">https:\/\/100mounir.blogspot.com\/2017\/04\/productive-failure.html<\/a><\/p>\n<p>2-\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.colorado.edu\/artssciences-advising\/resource-library\/life-skills\/productive-failure\">https:\/\/www.colorado.edu\/artssciences-advising\/resource-library\/life-skills\/productive-failure<\/a><\/p>\n<p>3- &#8220;\u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0647\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u062e\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0641\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0645\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0629&#8221;\u060c\u00a0 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0635 \u0648\u0631\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646:\u00a0\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/citl.indiana.edu\/teaching-resources\/course-design\/developing-learning-outcomes\/index.html\">https:\/\/citl.indiana.edu\/teaching-resources\/course-design\/developing-learning-outcomes\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n<p>4- &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A5%D8%AD%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%A1\">\u0639\u0650\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0650\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0621<\/a> \u064a\u062a\u064e\u0636\u064e\u0645\u064e\u0651\u0646 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0651\u0637\u064f\u0631\u064f\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u064e\u062a\u0627\u0626\u0650\u062c \u0639\u0650\u062f\u0651\u0629 \u062f\u0650\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u064f\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0650\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u064f\u062a\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0650\u0644 \u062a\u064e\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u064e\u0648\u062c\u064f\u0651\u0647 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u064e\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0650\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0651\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u0650\u062c \u0623\u0648 \u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0650\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u064f\u0634\u062a\u064e\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u064f\u0645\u0643\u0650\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064e\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627.\u00a0 \u064a\u064f\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u064f\u0641\u0647\u064e\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0651\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0651\u062a\u0644\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u064e\u0651\u0647 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062e\u064f\u0637\u0648\u064e\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u0650\u0645\u0646\u064e \u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0650\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0627\u062a\u0650\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0639\u064e\u0645\u0644\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0623\u064a\u0651 \u0623\u0646\u0651\u0647 \u0628\u0650\u0628\u064e\u0633\u0627\u0637\u0629 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0644. \u064a\u064f\u0645\u0643\u0650\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0651\u062a\u0644\u0648\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u064e\u0636\u0645\u0651\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0650\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0650\u0644 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u062a\u064e\u062f\u0631\u064f\u0633 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u064e\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u0650\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u064f\u062a\u064e\u0648\u0633\u0650\u0637 \u0645\u0650\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0631\u064a\u062d \u0627\u062a\u0650\u0651\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0635\u0637\u064e\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0633\u062a\u064e\u062e\u062f\u064e\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u064f\u0624\u0633\u064e\u0651\u0633\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0650\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0651\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0651\u062a\u0644\u0648\u064a&#8221; \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0650\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0651\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0650\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0648 \u062a\u064e\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0650\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u0650\u0646 &#8220;\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b&#8221; \u0623\u0648 &#8220;\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0651\u0629&#8221;\u060c \u0645\u0650\u062b\u0650\u0644 \u062c\u064e\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0633\u062a\u064e\u0645\u062f\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u0650\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0651\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0651\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0643\u064e\u062c\u064f\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0650\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0651\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064e\u0639\u064e\u0645 \u0644\u0650\u0645\u064f\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0631\u0627\u062c\u064e\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0651\u0629&#8221;. \u0645\u0642\u062a\u0628\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0635 \u0648\u0631\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%AA%D8%AD%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%84_%D8%AA%D9%84%D9%88%D9%8A\">https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644_\u062a\u0644\u0648\u064a<\/a><\/p>\n<p>5- &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0647\u0627\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A\">\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649<\/a> \u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0628\u0631\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0641\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633&#8221;\u060c \u0645\u0642\u062a\u0628\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0635 \u0648\u0631\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%87%D9%85_(%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%81%D8%B3)\">https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645_(\u0639\u0644\u0645_\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633)<\/a><\/p>\n<p>6-\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.3102\/00346543211019105\">https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.3102\/00346543211019105<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/ethz.ch\/en\/news-and-events\/eth-news\/news\/2021\/09\/produktives-scheitern.html\">https:\/\/ethz.ch\/en\/news-and-events\/eth-news\/news\/2021\/09\/produktives-scheitern.html<\/a><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_7442\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-7442\" style=\"width: 171px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-7442\" src=\"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/adnan-pic.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"171\" height=\"183\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/adnan-pic.jpg 309w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/adnan-pic-281x300.jpg 281w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/adnan-pic-140x150.jpg 140w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/adnan-pic-70x75.jpg 70w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/adnan-pic-155x165.jpg 155w, https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/adnan-pic-192x205.jpg 192w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 171px) 100vw, 171px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-7442\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0639\u062f\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u064a<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Those who fail productively are all the wiser (\u0628\u0642\u0644\u0645: \u0643\u0631\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0631\u062a &#8211; Christoph Elhardt) \u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0641\u0633\u0648\u0631 \u0631\u0636\u064a \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0642\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0633\u0642 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0646\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u064a\u0648\u0627. \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0641\u0633\u0648\u0631 \u0631\u0636\u064a \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0642 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 &#8220;\u0641\u0634\u0644&#8221; \u0627\u0648 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644&#8221; \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062b\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0636\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0635\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645\u0646\u0649 &hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":12530,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[19],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-12527","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","","category-19"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12527","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=12527"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12527\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12531,"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12527\/revisions\/12531"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/12530"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=12527"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=12527"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=12527"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}