{"id":12505,"date":"2021-09-09T14:40:33","date_gmt":"2021-09-09T11:40:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/?p=12505"},"modified":"2021-09-09T20:52:53","modified_gmt":"2021-09-09T17:52:53","slug":"%d8%b6%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%a6%d8%b1%d9%86%d8%a7-%d8%aa%d9%81%d8%b6%d8%ad%d9%86%d8%a7-%d8%a8%d9%82%d9%84%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%af%d9%83%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b1-%d8%a3%d8%ad%d9%85%d8%af-%d9%81%d8%aa%d8%ad","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/?p=12505","title":{"rendered":"“\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u062a\u0641\u0636\u062d\u0646\u0627” – \u0628\u0642\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0641\u062a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644<\/strong>
\n\u0644\u063a\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631\u0646\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0648\u0643\u0644 \u0634\u064a\u0626 \u0639\u0646\u0627. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0646\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0631 (personal pronouns)\u060c \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d\u064b\u0627\u061b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0628\u0635\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0627\u0628\u0639. <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: analbahr.com<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u063a\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629)\u060c \u062a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629: \u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0631\u0627\u063a\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u0623\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a (Psycholinguistics)\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a (Cognitive Linguistics)\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/strong>
\n\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 “\u0623\u0646\u062a”\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 “\u0623\u0646\u0627” (I) \u0648 “\u0646\u064a” (me) [1] \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0627. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 (functional words)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062f\u0647\u0634 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629. \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0628 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636\u061f<\/strong>
\n\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0648 \u062c\u0632\u0621\u064c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u062a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u0626 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0629 (mental health) \u0648\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 (marital relationship) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0645\u0629 (trauma). \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u062c\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u062c\u064a\u0645\u0633 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0628\u0627\u0643\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 “\u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0631” (The Secret Life of Pronouns [2])\u060c \u0623\u0646 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062f\u0647\u0634 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635.<\/p>\n

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\n\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 “\u0623\u0646\u0627” (\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645) \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0626\u0627\u0628. \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0643\u062a\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0628\u0627\u0643\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u063a\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0646\u0631 \u00a0\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0648\u062f\u060c (2004)[3] \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0626\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a I (\u0623\u0646\u0627) \u0648 me (\u0646\u064a) \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0626\u0628\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0627 \u0648\u062c\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0631 \u0645\u0639 \u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 (2001) [4] \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a (I) \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629\u064b \u0628\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0621 (\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0646)\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0627\u062c \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u063a\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0635\u062e\u0645\u0629.\"\"\u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a “\u0623\u0646\u0627” \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0626\u0628\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0637\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0634 \u0645\u0639 \u0635\u062f\u064a\u0642 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 “\u0646\u062d\u0646” (we) \u0648 “\u0623\u0646\u062a\u0645” (you) \u0641\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644: “\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u0646\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0627\u0621\u061f\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u0625\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0628\u0643\u0644 \u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0639\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643”. \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0645\u0627 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u062d \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 “\u0623\u0646\u0627” (I). \u0628\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0645\u0646 “\u0646\u062d\u0646” \u0625\u0644\u0649 “\u0623\u0646\u0627” \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0645\u0627 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f.<\/p>\n

\"\"
\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629: www.dentons.com<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062b<\/strong>
\n\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0631\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062b\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0637\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0647\u062c\u0645\u0627\u062a 11 \u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2001 (\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0648\u0631\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627) \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u062f\u062b\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062f\u0634\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0638\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0631 “\u0623\u0646\u0627”\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0631 “\u0646\u062d\u0646” \u060c \u0639\u0627\u0643\u0633\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0644\u0647\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0648\u0645\u060c \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0631 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0647\u0644 \u0648\u0643\u0648\u0647\u0646 (2004)[5].<\/p>\n

\u0628\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u062c\u0632\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0636\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0645 “\u0646\u062d\u0646” \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u062d\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0640 “\u0646\u062d\u0646” \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0635\u062d\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0641\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a \u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0633\u0627\u0633 (\u063a\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0646\u0631 \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0628\u0643\u0631\u060c 2003)[6].<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0627\u062c<\/strong>
\n\u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 “\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a” (pronominal talk)\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a “\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0636\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u062c\u064a” (marital satisfaction) \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0648\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0636\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0628 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c ” \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0646\u0627” (like us) \u0623\u0648 \u0646\u062d\u0646 (we) \u0623\u0628\u0644\u063a\u0648\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0631\u0636\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0648\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0648\u0646 “\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a-\u0623\u0646\u0627 ” \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 (\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646\u060c 1997)[7]. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u062c\u0626\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646 “\u0646\u062d\u0646” \u062a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0646\u0627 \u0643\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0643\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f.<\/p>\n

\"\"
\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629: JIN DING\/CHINA DAILY<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0648\u0627\u062c \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0651\u064b\u0627\u060c \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 “\u0623\u0646\u0627” \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 (\u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641) \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f. \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u062d\u062f\u062b \u0645\u0632\u0639\u0632\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 – \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 – \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 “\u0623\u0646\u0627” \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0644\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0648\u0647\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0647 (\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0631\u0648\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0628\u0628\u0641\u0631\u064a\u060c 2014)[8].
\n\u0648\u0642\u062f \u062f\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u0629 “\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649” (other) \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b “\u0647\u064a” (she) \u0648 “\u0647\u064a” (her) \u062a\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f. “\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u062c\u0626\u064b\u0627 \u062c\u062f\u0627”\u060c \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0646\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0627\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0631\u064a\u0646\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0636\u064a\u0641 \u0634\u0627\u0631\u062d\u0629: “\u0641\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0645\u0627\u060c \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0633\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0643\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0640 (\u0643\u064a\u0641 “\u0623\u0646\u0627”) \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641 (\u062a)\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629. \u0648\u0628\u062f\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u064a \u0642\u062f\u0645\u064b\u0627\u060c \u064a\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0640 “\u0646\u062d\u0646” \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0639 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 [9].<\/p>\n

\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0645\u060c<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648 “\u0623\u0646\u0627” \u0648 “\u0646\u062d\u0646” \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u064b\u0627\u060c \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0635\u0645\u062a \u0644\u062a\u0641\u0636\u062d\u0646\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0644\u0627 \u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641\u0646\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 -\u0646\u0636\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0626\u0629- \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u064a.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0629<\/strong>
\n\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0631 (\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635):
\n– \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0646\u0648\u0627\u0641\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0647\u0627.
\n– \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f “\u0623\u0646\u0627” (I, me, my, mine)\u060c \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627.
\n– \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0626\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f “\u0623\u0646\u0627”.
\n– \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639 “\u0646\u062d\u0646” (we, us, our,ours) \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 “\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629” \u0648 “\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0621”[10].
\n____
\n\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0634<\/strong>
\n[1] \u00a0\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a “\u0631\u0623\u064a\u062a\u0646\u064a”\u060c “\u0633\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0646\u064a”\u060c “\u0642\u0644\u062a \u0644\u064a”\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 “\u0642\u0648\u0644\u064a”\u060c “\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a”\u060c “\u0631\u0623\u064a\u064a”\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062e… \u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0647\u0627 “\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a-\u0623\u0646\u0627”\u060c \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0639\u0648\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629)\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a “\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639” “\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a-\u0646\u062d\u0646”\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a “\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f”: “\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a-\u0623\u0646\u062a” \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639 “\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a-\u0623\u0646\u062a\u0645”.
\n[2] James Pennebaker, author of\u00a0The Secret Life of Pronouns: What Our Words Say About, Bloomsbury Press, 1st Edition, New York, USA, 2011.
\n[3] Rude, S., Gortner, E., & Pennebaker, J. Language use of depressed and depression-vulnerable college students.\u00a0Cognition and Emotion, 2004, 18(8), 1121\u20131133.
\n[4] Stirman, S, Pennebaker, J. Word use in the poetry of suicidal and nonsuicidal poets. Linguistic Markers of Psychological Change Surrounding September 11, 2001
\n[5] A. Cohn,\u00a0M. Mehl, M., Pennebaker, J. Linguistic Markers of Psychological Change Surrounding September 11, 2001.
\n[6] Gortner, E. & Pennebaker, J. The Archival Anatomy of a Disaster: Media Coverage and Community-wide Health Effects of the Texas A&M Bonfire Tragedy. \u00a0Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 2003, 22(5), 580\u2013603.
\n[7] Sillars, A. et al . Relational characteristics of language: Elaboration and differentiation in marital conversations. Western Journal of Communication, 1995, \u00a061(4):403-42
\n[8] Blackburn, K., Brody, N., & LeFebvre, L. (2014). The I\u2019s, we\u2019s, and she\/he\u2019s of breakups: Public and private pronoun usage in relationship dissolution accounts.\u00a0Journal of Language and Social Psychology,2014, 33(2), 202\u2013213.
\n[9] https:\/\/www.psychologytoday.com\/us\/blog\/language-in-the-wild\/202109\/the-psychology-pronouns
\n[10] \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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