{"id":11829,"date":"2021-07-22T21:32:44","date_gmt":"2021-07-22T18:32:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/?p=11829"},"modified":"2021-07-22T21:32:44","modified_gmt":"2021-07-22T18:32:44","slug":"%d8%ae%d9%85%d8%b3-%d9%83%d8%aa%d8%a8-%d9%84%d9%84%d8%a3%d8%b7%d9%81%d8%a7%d9%84-%d8%aa%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%85-%d8%af%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%b3%d8%a7%d9%8b-%d9%82%d9%8a%d9%91%d9%85%d8%a9-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/?p=11829","title":{"rendered":"\u062e\u0645\u0633 \u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633\u0627\u064b \u0642\u064a\u0651\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629\u00a0– \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u064a"},"content":{"rendered":"

5children\u2019s books that teach valuable engineering lessons
\n(\u0628\u0642\u0644\u0645: \u0645\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u0648\u0631\u0633\u064a\u062b – Michelle Forsythe)<\/span><\/h3>\n

\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0623\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0631\u0644\u0648\u062a (Charlotte\u2019s Web<\/a>) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 (1\u060c 2) \u0647\u064a \u0642\u0635\u0629 \u0635\u062f\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u0643\u0628\u0648\u062a [\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0634\u0627\u0631\u0644\u0648\u062a] \u0648\u062e\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0631 [\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0647 \u0648\u064a\u0628\u0648\u0631]. \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u064f\u0642\u0631\u0623 \u0643\u0642\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0635\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 – \u0634\u0627\u0631\u0644\u0648\u062a – \u062a\u0635\u0645\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0648\u062a\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0642\u062d \u0634\u0628\u0643\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u062d\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627.<\/p>\n

\u0628\u0635\u0641\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u064a\u0646 (3)\u060c \u0646\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0646\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 (4) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 (5) \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 [\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644] \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631.<\/p>\n

\"\"\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u064a (design-based thinking<\/a>)\u00a0(\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 6)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a. \u00a0\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0644 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0643\u0623\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a. \u00a0\u0648\u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0639\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n

\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0629 (7) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628 [14 \u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631\u060c \u0628\u062d\u0633\u0628 8] \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a. \u0648 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u062e\u0630\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u062d\u0644 \u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627 (9) – \u062a\u0646\u0637\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a: \u0627\u0633\u0623\u0644\u060c \u062a\u062e\u064a\u0644\u060c \u062e\u0637\u0637\u060c \u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0631\u060c \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0633\u0651\u0650\u0646. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 (10)\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644 \u0641\u064a 11 \u0648 12 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a 13). \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0639\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a \u062e\u0645\u0633\u0629<\/span> \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a (STEM) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0636\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628:<\/strong><\/p>\n

1-\u00a0<\/strong>\u0648\u0648\u0634!<\/strong> (<\/strong>Whoosh)<\/strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/a>\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0644 \u0644\u0648\u0646\u064a \u062c\u0648\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0646 (14)<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0644\u0648\u0646\u064a \u062c\u0648\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0646 (Lonnie Johnson)<\/a> (\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 15) \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u0636\u0648\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621. \u00a0\u0641\u064a \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0636\u062e\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0646\u0641\u062b (nozzle) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0645. \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u062a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0641\u0629. \u00a0\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0639 \u062c\u0648\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u0627\u0621! \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u062c\u0648\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0623\u0639\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0647 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0644\u0639\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 – \u0633\u0645\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u0648\u0628\u0631 \u0633\u0648\u0643\u0631 (Super Soaker).<\/p>\n

\"Children's<\/p>\n

\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 (engineering).<\/p>\n

2- “\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u062f\u0648\u0627\u064a <\/strong>(Broadway<\/strong><\/a>) [\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0639\u00a0 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0648\u0631\u0643] \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0647\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0646 (<\/strong>Macy\u2019s<\/strong><\/a>)\u00a0 <\/strong>[\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0643\u0633\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627]” (16 \u0648 17)<\/p>\n

\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642 \u0642\u0635\u0629 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0623 \u062a\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0633\u0627\u0631\u063a (Tony Sarg)\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0634\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627 – \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0647\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0647 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 (Macy\u2019s<\/a>) [\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 17].<\/p>\n

\u064a\u0633\u0644\u0637 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0647\u0645. \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u062f\u0645\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 (18 \u0648 19) \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0645. \u0623\u0644\u0647\u0645\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0649 \u0633\u0627\u0631\u063a \u0644\u0642\u0644\u0628 \u062e\u064a\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0631\u0623\u0633\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0642\u0628 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621.<\/p>\n

3- “\u062e\u0634\u0628 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0643 \u0648\u0623\u062c\u0646\u062d\u0629: \u0625\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u062f \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0639 \u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 (20)”<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u062f (21) – \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0635\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0631\u0627\u064a\u062a – \u0639\u0645\u0644\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646. \u00a0\u062a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627. \u0648\u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u062f – “\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0628\u0637 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u062e\u0637 \u0648\u0645\u0628\u0647\u062c \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 … \u0648\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0627\u062a” –\u00a0 \u0644\u062a\u0644\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0647 \u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n

\"\"
\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0642\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u062d\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0642\u0635\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u062f \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0638\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0623\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0636\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u062f\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n

4- “\u0645\u064a\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u064a\u0631\u0634\u064a: \u0635\u0627\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0628” (22)<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0643\u0644\u0646\u0627 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0634\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u064a\u0631\u0634\u064a (Hershey) (\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 23). \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u064a\u0631\u0634\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u062e\u0641\u0642 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u062c\u062d.<\/p>\n

\"\"
\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0627 \u0644\u0635\u0627\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0628<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u064a\u0633\u0644\u0637 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0631\u00a0 8 \u0625\u0644\u0649 12 \u0633\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0647\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645: “\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u064e\u062b\u064f\u0631\u062a \u0627\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0643 \u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d\u0643” (Fail often so you can succeed sooner<\/a>) (\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 24).<\/p>\n

5- “\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0633\u062e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u062d” (25)<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u062a\u0631\u0648\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0631 10 \u0625\u0644\u0649 13 \u0633\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0642 \u0648\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0628\u0627 (William Kamkwamba)\u00a0<\/a> \u0637\u0648\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 (\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062d) \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0648\u064a (26). \u062a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0629 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0623\u064a \u0634\u062e\u0635\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u060c \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n

\"\"
\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0628\u0627 \u0642\u0637\u0639 \u063a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0632\u0648\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0632\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u064a\u0639\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0631\u0627\u0626\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0635\u0648\u0631 (27) \u0648\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0627\u0631 (28) \u0648\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0641\u064a\u0644\u0645 (\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u06a4\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648 \u0623\u062f\u0646\u0627\u0647). \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u062d\u0636\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u062f\u0634\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u06a4\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0644\u0645 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0628\u0627 \u0648\u0639\u0632\u0645\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u062d\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629) .<\/p>\n

\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u06a4\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n