{"id":11786,"date":"2021-07-21T05:25:43","date_gmt":"2021-07-21T02:25:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/?p=11786"},"modified":"2021-07-21T05:25:43","modified_gmt":"2021-07-21T02:25:43","slug":"%d9%87%d9%84-%d8%aa%d8%b3%d8%a7%d8%a1%d9%84%d8%aa-%d9%8a%d9%88%d9%85%d9%8b%d8%a7-%d8%b9%d9%86-%d8%b9%d8%af%d8%af-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d9%86%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%b9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d9%8a-%d8%b3%d9%83%d9%86","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/?p=11786","title":{"rendered":"\u0647\u0644 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0644\u062a \u064a\u0648\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u0643\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u061f \u064a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0648 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0648\u0632 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0642\u062f \u0644\u0627 \u0646\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0623\u0628\u062f\u064b\u0627 – \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u064a"},"content":{"rendered":"

Have You Ever Wondered How Many Species Have Inhabited the Earth? A&S Researchers Confirm We May Never Know
\n(\u0628\u0642\u0644\u0645: \u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0631\u062f\u064a – Dan Bernardi)<\/span><\/h3>\n

\u0641\u0633\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0641\u0633\u0648\u0631\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 (\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0648\u064a\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0648 \u0644\u064a\u0646\u062f\u0627 \u0625\u064a\u06a4\u0627\u0646\u064a) \u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0628\u062f\u064b\u0627.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0623\u0646 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0633 \u0644\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0633 (Carolus Linnaeus) \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 (\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u060c \u062a\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u00a0<\/em>\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0644 “<\/em>Homo sapiens”<\/em>\u00a0<\/em>\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631) \u060c \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 (species) (\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 2) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0634 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0643\u0628. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 54 \u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0629 (3)\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0642\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0636\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u062f\u064a\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0627\u062d\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0641\u0633\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 “\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a” \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639. \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627\u060c \u064a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n

\"\"
\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0633\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0648\u064a\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0633\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0646\u062f\u0627 \u0625\u064a\u06a4\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/strong><\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0628\u0631\u0641\u0633\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0648\u064a\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0646 (Bruce Wilkinson) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0633\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0646\u062f\u0627 \u0625\u064a\u06a4\u0627\u0646\u064a (Linda Ivany)\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0624\u062e\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 (Linnean) \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0642\u062f \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0628\u062f\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n

\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0637\u0631\u062d\u00a0 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u060c “\u0643\u0645 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639\u061f” \u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u064f\u0633\u0645\u064e \u00a0\u0625\u0644\u0651\u0627 \u062c\u0632\u0621\u064b \u064a\u0633\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629.\u00a0 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0625\u0633\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0649 \u0623\u0648\u0635\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u0635\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u064a\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u062f\u062f\u0629\u00a0 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u063a\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u060c \u0628\u062a\u0645\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0649 \u0645\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u060c \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0632\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0631\u0642\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0643\u0644\u0647. \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u062a\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062c\u0631\u0633: \u064a\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0649 \u0645\u0639 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u062b\u0645 \u064a\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f. \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0631\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0630\u0631\u0648\u0629 (\u0642\u0645\u0629) \u0647\u0648\u0628\u0631\u062a (4)\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0647\u0648\u0628\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0628\u0623 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0649.<\/p>\n

\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646 (\u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u0648\u0629) \u060c \u064a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0632\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0641\u062f.<\/p>\n

“\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0643 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 (species) \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u060c \u0647\u0645\u0627 (\u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629) \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0642\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0627\u0646” \u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u064a\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0646. \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0644: “\u0627\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0646\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632\u0646\u0627 \u0630\u0631\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1972\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f 15 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0641 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u062d\u0641\u0631 \u0623\u0641\u0642\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0641\u062c\u0623\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062d\u062f\u0628\u0629 (\u0646\u062a\u0648\u0621 \/ \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639) \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641\u0647\u0627”.<\/p>\n

\"\"
\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u062a\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u064a) \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0644\u064a).<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u064a\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0625\u064a\u06a4\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0625\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0647 \u0646\u062a\u0648\u0621 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u063a\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062c\u0645 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0642\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0621\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1950. \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062e\u064f\u0635\u0635\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648 \u0623\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636.<\/p>\n

\u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644\u062a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0646 [\u0623\u064a \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639]\u060c \u0623\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0648\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641.<\/p>\n

\u0644\u0648 \u0642\u062f\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1950\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0633\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u064a\u064f\u062c\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062d\u064a\u060c \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0627\u0633\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u062d\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u064f\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0641 \u062d\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u062a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u064a\u06a4\u0627\u0646\u064a: “\u0628\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0631\u063a\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 ” \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f “\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u062b\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0643\u0628 \u0633\u064a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0647\u062f\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0644”.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 (5).\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635:<\/strong><\/p>\n

1- \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a (binomial nomenclature) \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621<\/a> \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0629<\/a>. \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u064a\u062f\u064a<\/a>\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0633 \u0644\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0633<\/a>.\u00a0 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0646:<\/p>\n