{"id":11648,"date":"2021-07-14T14:55:07","date_gmt":"2021-07-14T11:55:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/?p=11648"},"modified":"2021-07-14T14:55:07","modified_gmt":"2021-07-14T11:55:07","slug":"%d9%85%d9%82%d8%af%d9%85%d8%a9-%d9%83%d8%aa%d8%a7%d8%a8-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ae%d8%b7%d8%a7%d8%a8%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d8%b1%d8%a8%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%81%d9%86-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84-3","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/?p=11648","title":{"rendered":"\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629\u201d (\u062c4) \u2013 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0641\u062a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647"},"content":{"rendered":"

(\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639)<\/span>
\n\u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629\u201d*<\/span>\u00a0\u0644\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0637\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0642\u0637\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646**<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n
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\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629: femina.in<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

7- \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 “\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0628\u0629”<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u060c \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d “\u062e\u0637\u0628\u0629” \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062d\u0635\u0631\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062c\u0632\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u0644\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u064a\u0646 (\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0637\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0636\u062d\u0649). \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639. \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0628\u0629 \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0623\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u0649\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062a\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646. \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0647 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0625\u064a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0634\u0641\u0647\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u060c \u064a\u0639\u064a\u0634 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0628 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631.<\/p>\n

\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0639\u062f \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 “\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0629” \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0647\u0627\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0636\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064f\u0637\u0628\u0629 – \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u0638\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0638\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645(<\/sup><\/strong>25<\/sup><\/strong>)<\/sup><\/strong>. \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u062e\u0637\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0645\u0639\u0647 \u062e\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0621.<\/p>\n

“\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0629”(<\/sup><\/strong>26<\/sup><\/strong>)<\/sup><\/strong> \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a “oration” \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0643\u0644\u0651\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 “\u0627\u0644\u062e\u064f\u0637\u0628\u0629” (khutbah)\u060c \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 “\u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0629” (text of the speech)\u060c \u0648 (khataaba)\u060c \u064a\u062f\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0629 (art of speaking)\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0635\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628.<\/p>\n

“\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0628\u0629” \u0647\u064a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u062a\u0631\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u0638. \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u062c\u0632\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627 – “\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u0638” (wa?z) \u0648”\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0635” (qassas\u060c narating) \u060c (story telling) – \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u064a. \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 “\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0645” (maqaam) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a. \u0623\u0645\u0651\u064e\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u0645\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633 (\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628).<\/p>\n

8- \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a. \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0634\u064a\u0621 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a. \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0647\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2005\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0644\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0629(<\/sup><\/strong>27<\/sup><\/strong>)<\/sup><\/strong>. \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 (Reden der Araber) (“\u062e\u0637\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628”)\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0636\u064a\u0642\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u063a\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0641\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u062b\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644 (\u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0645\u0627) \u062e\u0637\u0628 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u060c \u0642\u0645\u062a \u0628\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0623\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 “\u062e\u0637\u0628\u0629: \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u062d\u0649” (Khutbah: The Evolution of Classical Arabic Oration). \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0643\u062a\u0628\u062a\u064f \u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0643\u062b\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0646 “\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0628\u0629” (Kho\u1e6dba) \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u062e\u0637\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u064a \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628.<\/p>\n

\u064a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0645\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u064a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0647\u0627. \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0629 – \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0625\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0646\u062c\u062f\u0629 \u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u0648\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u063a\u0627\u0632\u064a \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a (\u0645\u0639 \u0622\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0642\u0631)\u060c \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 – \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0644. \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u063a\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0633\u0627\u062e \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0644\u0627 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0639\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0647\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0642\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631 – \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0643\u062a\u0628 \u062f\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0646\u062a\u063a\u0645\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0627 \u0643\u0631\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 (The Princeton Encyclopedia of Islamic Political Thought) – \u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0647\u062c\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0641\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645.<\/p>\n

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\u201c\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633: 10- \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629: \u0646\u0647\u062c \u0647\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u062c\u0647\u060c \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u2026.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

____________<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0634<\/strong><\/p>\n

*<\/strong><\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628: \u201c\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629\u201d (Arabic Oration: Art and Function)\u060c \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0637\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0642\u0637\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 (Tahera Qutbuddin) \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0628\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0646\u060c 2019. \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0624\u062e\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0626\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645).<\/p>\n

**<\/strong><\/span>\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0637\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0642\u0637\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646:\u00a0https:\/\/qatifscience.com\/2021\/06\/19\/\u0637\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629-\u0642\u0637\u0628-\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646-\u0647\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0629-\u062a\u0639\u0634\u0642-\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629-\u0648\u062a\u0631\/<\/a><\/p>\n

(25) \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0623\u0648\u0643\u0633\u0641\u0648\u0631\u062f (OED)\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 “\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0628\u0629” \u0647\u064a “\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0647 \u0628\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0631\u0641\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0623\u0628\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643. ” \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 “oratio” \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a “\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645” \u0623\u0648 “\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u063a\u0629”\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 “\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628”. \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0631 \u062a\u0634\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a \u0644\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n

(26) \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u062a\u0627\u0646: (1) \u0648\u0635\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a “\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0633 \u0647\u0640. \u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u062d\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629” (H. Wehr’s Dictionary of Modern Standard Arabic) \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0649\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649. “\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u063a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u063a\u0629” \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u062e\u0637\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0649\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649. “\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628”. \u0644\u0640\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0635\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0644\u064a\u0646 (Lane’s Lexicon) \u0648\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 “\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u062e\u0637\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062c\u062f”. (2) \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 “\u0641\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u063a\u0629” (art of rhetoric) \u0623\u0648 (qua logic) \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u063a\u0629\u060c “\u0641\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u063a\u0629” (art of eloquence) \u0623\u0648 (qua oratory). \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0641\u0633\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0623\u0631\u0633\u0637\u0648.<\/p>\n

(27) \u0647\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 (Hallden)\u060c 19\u201338. \u0643\u062a\u0628\u062a \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0628\u0636\u0639 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0627\u064a\u0646\u0631\u064a\u0634 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2009\u060c “\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u062e\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631”\u00a0\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0633\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u063a\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

(\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639) \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629\u201d*\u00a0\u0644\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0637\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0642\u0637\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646** 7- \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 “\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0628\u0629” \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u060c \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d “\u062e\u0637\u0628\u0629” \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062d\u0635\u0631\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062c\u0632\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u0644\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u064a\u0646 (\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0637\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0636\u062d\u0649). \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639. \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0628\u0629 \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0623\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064b\u0627 …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":11220,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[19],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-11648","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","","category-19"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11648","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=11648"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11648\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11691,"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11648\/revisions\/11691"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/11220"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=11648"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=11648"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.qatifscience.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=11648"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}